e second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to ;accept the slice of cucumber Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to reduce resentment in a female capuchin.
The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions, in the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
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21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by
A. posing a contrast.
B. justifying an assumption.
C. making a comparison.
D. explaining a phenomenon.
22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) implies that
A. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.
B. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.
C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.
D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.
23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are
A. more inclined to weigh what they get.
B. attentive to researchers' instructions.
C. nice in both appearance and temperament.
D. more generous than their male companions
24.Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
A. prefer grapes to cucumbers.
B. can be taught to exchange things.
C. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.
D. are unhappy when separated from others.
25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
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